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液壓缸(gang)(gang)結構基本上可(ke)以分為缸(gang)(gang)筒和(he)缸(gang)(gang)蓋(gai)(gai)、活塞(sai)和(he)活塞(sai)桿、密封裝置、緩(huan)沖裝置和(he)排氣裝置五(wu)個部分。今天(tian)威(wei)海力建小編著重帶著大家了解一下缸(gang)(gang)筒和(he)缸(gang)(gang)蓋(gai)(gai)。

 缸(gang)筒和(he)缸(gang)蓋

一般來說(shuo)，缸(gang)(gang)(gang)筒(tong)和(he)缸(gang)(gang)(gang)蓋的(de)結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)式(shi)和(he)其使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)材料有(you)關。工(gong)(gong)(gong)作壓(ya)力p＜10MPa時(shi)(shi)，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)鑄鐵(tie)；p＜20MPa時(shi)(shi)，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)無(wu)(wu)縫鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)；p＞20MPa時(shi)(shi)，使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)鑄鋼(gang)或(huo)鍛鋼(gang)。法蘭連(lian)接(jie)式(shi)，結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)簡(jian)單，容(rong)(rong)易加工(gong)(gong)(gong)，也容(rong)(rong)易裝(zhuang)拆(chai)，但(dan)外(wai)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)尺(chi)寸(cun)(cun)和(he)重量都較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)(da)，常用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)鑄鐵(tie)制(zhi)的(de)缸(gang)(gang)(gang)筒(tong)上(shang)(shang)。半環連(lian)接(jie)式(shi)，它的(de)缸(gang)(gang)(gang)筒(tong)壁(bi)(bi)部因開了(le)環形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)槽而(er)削弱(ruo)了(le)強度，為此有(you)時(shi)(shi)要加厚(hou)缸(gang)(gang)(gang)壁(bi)(bi)，它容(rong)(rong)易加工(gong)(gong)(gong)和(he)裝(zhuang)拆(chai)，重量較(jiao)(jiao)輕(qing)，常用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)無(wu)(wu)縫鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)或(huo)鍛鋼(gang)制(zhi)的(de)缸(gang)(gang)(gang)筒(tong)上(shang)(shang)。螺紋連(lian)接(jie)式(shi)，它的(de)缸(gang)(gang)(gang)筒(tong)端部結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)復雜，外(wai)徑(jing)加工(gong)(gong)(gong)時(shi)(shi)要求保證內外(wai)徑(jing)同(tong)心(xin)，裝(zhuang)拆(chai)要使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)工(gong)(gong)(gong)具(ju)，它的(de)外(wai)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)尺(chi)寸(cun)(cun)和(he)重量都較(jiao)(jiao)小，常用(yong)(yong)(yong)于(yu)無(wu)(wu)縫鋼(gang)管(guan)(guan)或(huo)鑄鋼(gang)制(zhi)的(de)缸(gang)(gang)(gang)筒(tong)上(shang)(shang)。拉桿連(lian)接(jie)式(shi)，結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)的(de)通用(yong)(yong)(yong)性(xing)大(da)(da)，容(rong)(rong)易加工(gong)(gong)(gong)和(he)裝(zhuang)拆(chai)，但(dan)外(wai)形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)尺(chi)寸(cun)(cun)較(jiao)(jiao)大(da)(da)，且較(jiao)(jiao)重。焊接(jie)連(lian)接(jie)式(shi)，結(jie)構(gou)(gou)(gou)簡(jian)單，尺(chi)寸(cun)(cun)小，但(dan)缸(gang)(gang)(gang)底處內徑(jing)不(bu)易加工(gong)(gong)(gong)，且可能(neng)引起(qi)變形(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)。

叉車起升(sheng)缸活塞桿(gan)動作慢、起升(sheng)時(shi)門架有間斷或沖擊

故障檢查1：系統(tong)油量不足(zu)

故障排除：加油至油標線(xian)

故障檢查2：密封(feng)不良、油(you)管連接不緊造成(cheng)漏油(you)、油(you)管損壞(huai)

故障(zhang)排(pai)除：加(jia)密封，擰緊(jin)管接頭，更換油(you)管

故障(zhang)檢查3：油泵故障(zhang)致供油不(bu)足(zu)

故障排除：修理或更換油(you)泵

故(gu)障檢查(cha)4：安全閥調整不當或損壞

故障排除：調(diao)整或修理安全閥(fa)

故障檢查(cha)5：液壓過濾器堵塞

故(gu)障排(pai)除：清洗或更換液壓油濾清器

故障檢查(cha)6：液壓(ya)系統中(zhong)有(you)空(kong)氣

故障排除：將空(kong)氣排除

現象（一）：串漏(lou)

原因：

1.壓(ya)力(li)(li)迅速上升(sheng)或者缸壁膨脹(zhang)，油液進入間隙，壓(ya)力(li)(li)形(xing)成(cheng)對(dui)密(mi)封的下行(xing)作用，串漏形(xing)成(cheng)

2.密封環未設計泄壓槽(cao)

防止措施：

1.密(mi)封(feng)環設(she)計留有泄壓槽，油液通過泄壓槽，填充溝槽從(cong)而壓縮O形圈，產生密(mi)封(feng)

原因：

1.運動速度太(tai)快

2.有(you)偏心運動

3.滑動面粗糙度不均勻

4.安裝時扭轉

防止措施：

1.改用(yong)唇形密封

2.消除(chu)偏心運動

3.修(xiu)改滑(hua)動面粗(cu)糙(cao)度

4.注意安裝

原因：

1.溝槽設(she)計不合(he)理(li)導致壓縮率太(tai)大：沒有考慮到材料(liao)由(you)于熱量及(ji)化學介(jie)質(zhi)引起的變(bian)形，或由(you)于壓力過大引起

防止措施：

1.溝槽的(de)設計應考慮到材料由于溫度(du)及化學介質引起的(de)變形